Summary of additional State data sent on 5/11/22. This data supplements earlier data and includes more detailed breakdown of SNAP payments made before and after the pandemic.

Github link: https://github.com/jondata

Variables included:
au_num, SNAP(monthly), PEBT(monthly), Summer SNAP(monthly), TCA(monthly), HH variables(monthly)

Dates included:
Pre pandemic period: 1/1/2019 and 3/31/2020
Post pandemic period: 4/1/2020 and 4/30/2021

Number of individuals in data:
- SNAP: 1261
- Summer SNAP: 517
- PEBT: 1073
- TCA: 196


1 . SNAP only


1.1 . SNAP payments, Pre and Post pandemic

Subset of data including only the payments labeled SNAP.
The median total payments increased from $4820 to $7200 despite including fewer months.(All SNAP received during PRE or POST period)
The median monthly payment increased from $371 per month to $616 per month.

Pre
(N=1261)
Post
(N=1215)
Total
(N=2476)
Total SNAP Issuance
Mean (SD) 5180 (3310) 7840 (3100) 6480 (3480)
Median [Min, Max] 4820 [16.0, 17800] 7200 [194, 24400] 6430 [16.0, 24400]
Median SNAP Issuance
Mean (SD) 404 (220) 618 (215) 509 (243)
Median [Min, Max] 371 [4.00, 1300] 616 [194, 1840] 509 [4.00, 1840]
Months in which SNAP was Issued
Mean (SD) 12.6 (3.91) 12.5 (2.19) 12.6 (3.18)
Median [Min, Max] 15.0 [1.00, 27.0] 13.0 [1.00, 15.0] 13.0 [1.00, 27.0]

Total SNAP Issuance is a sum of all payments made during that period
Median SNAP Issuance is the median monthly snap payment during that period.
Months is the total number of months during a given period in which a payment was made.


1.2 . Change in SNAP payments, pre and post pandemic

Total SNAP payments increased $2380 from before to after the pandemic periods.
The median monthly SNAP payments increased by $185, a 47% increase.

Total
(N=1261)
Change in Total SNAP
Mean (SD) 2560 (2810)
Median [Min, Max] 2380 [-8420, 13400]
Missing 46 (3.6%)
Change in median monthly SNAP
Mean (SD) 213 (190)
Median [Min, Max] 185 [-339, 907]
Missing 46 (3.6%)
Change in the number of months receiving SNAP
Mean (SD) -0.344 (3.89)
Median [Min, Max] -1.00 [-14.0, 12.0]
Missing 46 (3.6%)
Proportion change
Mean (SD) 1.67 (5.89)
Median [Min, Max] 0.470 [-0.570, 161]
Missing 46 (3.6%)

Change in Total SNAP: The difference between the Total SNAP payments, before and during pandemic
Change in Median monthly SNAP: The difference in the median monthly SNAP payments, pre and post
Change in number of months receiving SNAP:
Proportion change: Proportional change in the median monthly SNAP payments, pre and post pandemic periods

1.3 . Histogram

Change in median monthly SNAP payments($) between pre and post pandemic

2 . Programs

Per individual

2.1 Payments from all programs, pre and post combined

PEBT and SummerSNAP were only distributed 2 times each

PEBT
(N=1073)
SNAP
(N=1261)
SummerSNAP
(N=517)
TCA
(N=196)
Total
(N=3047)
Sum
Mean (SD) 972 (551) 12700 (6020) 102 (17.0) 12900 (8210) 6460 (7470)
Median [Min, Max] 940 [93.8, 3760] 12000 [17.0, 41300] 100 [90.0, 200] 11000 [365, 37800] 1880 [17.0, 41300]
Median
Mean (SD) 521 (303) 513 (215) 53.1 (11.3) 621 (247) 445 (296)
Median [Min, Max] 470 [93.8, 1880] 509 [15.0, 1320] 50.0 [50.0, 100] 587 [38.3, 1250] 453 [15.0, 1880]
Months
Mean (SD) 1.89 (0.416) 24.7 (5.88) 1.96 (0.198) 22.3 (11.2) 12.6 (12.2)
Median [Min, Max] 2.00 [1.00, 3.00] 28.0 [1.00, 40.0] 2.00 [1.00, 2.00] 28.0 [2.00, 38.0] 2.00 [1.00, 40.0]

2.2 . Time series of program issuances

Median monthly issuance for each program from 1/2019 to 4/2021
The dotted red line indicates the start of the pandemic


3 . All programs combined

Sum of monthly TCA, SNAP, Summer SNAP, and PEBT

3.1 . Monthly payments for all programs, by month, per individual

3.1.1 Table

Each row is an individual and a month

Pre
(N=18178)
Post
(N=16356)
Total
(N=34534)
Sum
Mean (SD) 441 (247) 713 (342) 570 (325)
Median [Min, Max] 417 [2.00, 1720] 646 [10.0, 4270] 518 [2.00, 4270]
Median
Mean (SD) 439 (245) 603 (253) 517 (262)
Median [Min, Max] 414 [2.00, 1590] 616 [10.0, 2690] 509 [2.00, 2690]
Programs
Mean (SD) 1.01 (0.0843) 1.24 (0.489) 1.12 (0.361)
Median [Min, Max] 1.00 [1.00, 2.00] 1.00 [1.00, 4.00] 1.00 [1.00, 4.00]

3.1.2 Data

Anonymized summary data using crc32 anonymization


3.2 . Monthly payments for all programs, by individual

3.2.1 Summary table

Each row is an individual, and the Median monthly total for all programs (TCA, SNAP, SummerSNAP, PEBT combined), by Pre or Post PERIOD

Pre
(N=1457)
Post
(N=1353)
Total
(N=2810)
Sum
Mean (SD) 5500 (3510) 8610 (3640) 7000 (3900)
Median [Min, Max] 4970 [16.0, 18400] 8160 [121, 27300] 6780 [16.0, 27300]
Median
Mean (SD) 435 (238) 630 (222) 529 (250)
Median [Min, Max] 411 [4.00, 1300] 616 [121, 1840] 530 [4.00, 1840]

3.2.2 Data

Anonymized summary data using crc32 anonymization


3.3 . Median monthly total payments

All programs combined, the median of the all months in the Pre or Post periods

3.3.1 . Change in total monthly payments

Total
(N=1457)
Change in Total monthly
Mean (SD) 2960 (3350)
Median [Min, Max] 2880 [-14400, 16000]
Missing 104 (7.1%)
Change in median monthly Total
Mean (SD) 201 (197)
Median [Min, Max] 175 [-659, 1010]
Missing 104 (7.1%)
Proportion change
Mean (SD) 1.52 (5.66)
Median [Min, Max] 0.410 [-0.740, 161]
Missing 104 (7.1%)

Paired sample plot
Each dot is an individual’s median monthly payments

3.3.2 . Testing for normal distribution of Median monthly payments

3.3.2.1 Q-Q Plot

Change in Median monthly payments
If the data is normally distributed, the points in a Q-Q plot will lie on a straight diagonal line.

3.3.2.2 Distribution

Positive skew

3.3.2.3 Kolmogorov–Smirnov test

## 
##  Asymptotic one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
## 
## data:  total_wide$median_diff
## D = 0.90664, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided

nonparametric test of the equality of continuous, one-dimensional probability distribution

4 . Vanguard REDCap Survey

1
(N=230)
Total Completed
(N=286)
p-value
What is your current gender?
Man 72 (31.3%) 91 (31.8%) <0.05
Woman 156 (67.8%) 193 (67.5%)
Transgender 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Non-binary 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.3%)
My gender is not listed here 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.3%)
Prefer not to answer 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
How old are you?
14 17 (7.4%) 20 (7.0%) <0.05
15 53 (23.0%) 64 (22.4%)
16 57 (24.8%) 71 (24.8%)
17 36 (15.7%) 49 (17.1%)
18 61 (26.5%) 76 (26.6%)
19 6 (2.6%) 6 (2.1%)
What do you consider your race/ethnicity to be? Check all that apply: (choice=White/Caucasian)
Unchecked 224 (97.4%) 280 (97.9%) <0.05
Checked 6 (2.6%) 6 (2.1%)
What do you consider your race/ethnicity to be? Check all that apply: (choice=African American or Black)
Unchecked 6 (2.6%) 6 (2.1%) <0.05
Checked 224 (97.4%) 280 (97.9%)
Do you have a paid job/internship?
Yes, part-time (less than 40 hours a week) 40 (17.4%) 49 (17.1%) <0.05
Yes, full-time (at least 40 hours a week) 5 (2.2%) 8 (2.8%)
No 180 (78.3%) 223 (78.0%)
Prefer not to answer 4 (1.7%) 5 (1.7%)
Missing 1 (0.4%) 1 (0.3%)

4.1 . Dichotomized Variables

Does an increase in assistance during the pandemic decrease self-reported depression, food insecurity or anxiety?

4.1.1 . Matched IDs only - Median monthly payments

4.1.1.1 Normal Q-Q Plot

Change in Median monthly payments, among only the matched ids

4.1.1.2 K-S test

One sample Kolmogorov-Smirnox Test

## 
##  Asymptotic one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_diff
## D = 0.94495, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: two-sided

4.1.1.3 Shipiro-Wilk normality test

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_diff
## W = 0.96772, p-value = 7.062e-05

The null hypothesis of Shapiro’s test is that the population is distributed normally. If the value of p is equal to or less than 0.05, then the hypothesis of normality will be rejected by the Shapiro test.

4.1.2 . Food Security

4.1.2.1 Point Biserial Correlation

Normal distribution assumption is not met

## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_diff and combo_data$food_cat
## t = 0.25109, df = 216, p-value = 0.802
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.1160593  0.1496205
## sample estimates:
##        cor 
## 0.01708208
## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_prop and combo_data$food_cat
## t = -1.3224, df = 216, p-value = 0.1874
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.21987600  0.04378305
## sample estimates:
##         cor 
## -0.08961631

4.1.3 . Depression

4.1.3.1 Point Biserial Correlation

## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_diff and combo_data$depression_cat
## t = -0.3503, df = 216, p-value = 0.7265
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.1562113  0.1093965
## sample estimates:
##         cor 
## -0.02382791
## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_prop and combo_data$depression_cat
## t = -1.2723, df = 216, p-value = 0.2046
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.21664110  0.04717273
## sample estimates:
##         cor 
## -0.08624586

4.1.4 . Anxiety

4.1.4.1 Point Biserial Correlation

## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_diff and combo_data$anxiety_cat
## t = -0.25984, df = 216, p-value = 0.7952
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.1502024  0.1154719
## sample estimates:
##         cor 
## -0.01767728
## 
##  Pearson's product-moment correlation
## 
## data:  combo_data$median_prop and combo_data$anxiety_cat
## t = -1.0075, df = 216, p-value = 0.3148
## alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.19945685  0.06507792
## sample estimates:
##         cor 
## -0.06839147

4.2 . Scores as Continuous variable

4.2.1 . Scatterplot Matrix

4.2.2 . Food Security

4.2.2.1 Distribution

Histogram of Food Security Scores from completed Surveys

4.2.2.2 Shipiro-Wilk normality test

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  redcap_state$food_total_no_refused
## W = 0.75899, p-value < 2.2e-16

The null hypothesis of Shapiro’s test is that the population is distributed normally. If the value of p is equal to or less than 0.05, then the hypothesis of normality will be rejected by the Shapiro test.

4.2.2.3 Correlation

Food Insecurity and change in Median monthly payments

4.2.3 . Depression

4.2.3.1 Distribution

Histogram of Depression Scores from completed Surveys

4.2.3.2 Shipiro-Wilk normality test

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  redcap_state$depression_total_no_refused
## W = 0.9438, p-value = 1.619e-08

The null hypothesis of Shapiro’s test is that the population is distributed normally. If the value of p is equal to or less than 0.05, then the hypothesis of normality will be rejected by the Shapiro test.

4.2.3.3 Correlation

Depression score and change in Median monthly payments

4.2.4 . Anxiety

4.2.4.1 Distribution

Histogram of Anxiety Scores from completed Surveys

4.2.4.2 Shipiro-Wilk normality test

## 
##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
## 
## data:  redcap_state$anxiety_total_no_refused
## W = 0.90249, p-value = 1.878e-12

The null hypothesis of Shapiro’s test is that the population is distributed normally. If the value of p is equal to or less than 0.05, then the hypothesis of normality will be rejected by the Shapiro test.

4.2.4.3 Correlation

Anxiety score and change in Median monthly payments

5 Modeling

5.1 Kendall–Theil Sen Siegel nonparametric linear regression

5.2 Generalized additive models